The Concept of Human Rights Essay Example for Free

The Concept of Human Rights Essay During the Second World War, the most horrific massacre took place; committed by the Nazi regime, killing millions of innocent people. The world could not believe this inhuman event occurred. â€Å"They felt like a war could no longer be used as an excuse to commit crimes against humanity†. (unac. org) it was a decision that was made across universal lines that the infringement of Human Right will no longer be accepted, and we will unite as one to establish a declaration of Human Rights. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights was created and signed on December 10, 1948, there was legislatives from 48 countries who came together at the United Nations in Paris who believed in the value and respect for human life. (unac. org) After several drafts and much debate, the final version of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) emerged. The (UDHR) was a list of primary privileges that the worldwide group decided were equal and just for all humans. (unac. rg) The list of human rights consisted of six categories such as Political Rights, the right to vote, the right to citizenship and to participate in government. Liberty Rights: the right to freedom of opinion and expression; Equality Rights: the right to be free from discrimination; Economic Rights: the right to fair wages and safe working conditions; Social Rights: the right to education and to adequate health care; Security Rights: protect people against crimes such as murder, massacre, torture, and rape. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy) Human rights is definitely NOT a static concept, it’s a dynamic concept, because counties, people and circumstances change and because was establish different values over time. For example the issues on gay rights, which were not and concern in 1948 as it is now that more gays are coming out and demanding the same right as everyone else regard marriage and equality. Also, now global warming and the environment is an issue among many counties there is a demand for the right to a clean environment. According Professor Philip Alston, Chairman of the UN Committee. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights can have extensions added it, but the original declaration cannot be changed. Therefore, we will continue to develop Human rights in America and across the globe. It will be a slow process as issues arise, but it is necessary to make this world a better place for all human beings.

The Mafia During the 1920s :: Al Capone

Alphonse Capone was born in Brooklyn, New York, January 17, 1899. Al, as most people knew him as, was perhaps the most famous of all American mobsters. Growing up in Brooklyn, Al acquired "an education in petty crime and the name of "Scarface Al" because of a razor slash across his face."(Grolier, Capone) Capone later moved to Chicago and survived the gang wars of the 1920's by having his rivals killed. In 1929 Capone's gang dreesed as policemen, and executed seven members of the "Bugs" Morgan gang; this was later known as the St. Valentine's Day Massacre. By the end of the 1920's he dominated the bootlegging of liquior, which brought him an inncome of more than $20 million a year.(Grolier, Capone) The federal authorities finally suceeded in capturing Capone where the Chicago police had failed. Capone was so good at covering his tracks that the federal authorities could only get him on income-tax evasion. In October 1931, Capone was fined $80,000 and sentanced to 11 years in prision. (Grolier, Capone) Al Capones life has been portrayed on film several times due to his popularitym as a mobster. When he was released in November 1939 he was terminaly ill with syphillis, and died on his Flordia estate January 25, 1947. St. Valentine Massacre At 10:20 a.m. on Saint Valentine's Day in 1929, Chicago was brimming with sunshine. Even the George ("Bugs") Moran booze-peddling depot on North Clark Street was peaceful. This depot was marked as a garage for the S.M.C. Cartage Co. On this morning, six underworld figures presided, waiting for coffee. Another man, wearing overalls, tinkered with a beer vat on a truck, completing the total to seven men. Just ten minutes later, the men glanced at each other, alarmed. A fast blue car eased into the curb outside the depot. The car produced four men. Two, dressed as police, held sub-machine guns. The other two, shabbily dressed, carried shotguns. All the gangsters raised their hands over their heads. The four visitors marched them to the back of the garage and lined them up against the far wall. They were frisked for weapons. One of the men inquired as to what was happening, and one of the four new men shouted, "give it to 'em!" From the four guns streamed 100 bullets, of which only eight reached the wall behind the victims. One man tried to escape, but a bullet shot at nearly point blank range ripped through his head.

McDonald’s Fast-Food Restaurants

McDonald’s corporation is undoubtedly the largest fast food chain in the world with its primary sales being in French fries, cheeseburgers, and breakfasts and soft drinks. In the recent times, McDonalds has introduced fruits, carrots sticks and salads to its menu. The company is currently in operations in 120 countries worldwide serving 54 million clients and employing over 400,000 worldwide, a sharp contrast to 1940 when Mac & Dic McDonald started it.With such expansions, McDonald’s is often associated with the globalization symbol and a spreader of the American ways. The company also has several restaurants such as Boston market, Piles cafes and has stakes in Pret a manger and has had stakes in Chipotle Mexican Grill and Donatos Pizza. The chain usually offers counter and drive through services, McDrive popular on highways and low-density cities. Some play facilities such as the McDonalds Play place and McDonald’s play land with special attention to the differe nt children age groups.The ‘Forever Young’ concept was introduced in 2006 in an attempt to redesign the restaurants. This included a change of its colors to warmer shades red and yellow and an addition of sage green and olive. The plan also included the use of more wood and brick, in place of plastic. The new look would also include several zones such as the flexible, grab and go linger all with specific music. (Wikipedia 2007). MacDonald’s has been suggested to be the largest private establishment in the US with one of eight Americans having been a McDonald’s employee at some point of their life. It has also been said to be the single largest buyer of potatoes, pork, beef and apples. (Schlosser 2001). In Australia, over 66,000 people are employed in the 441 outlets (Goliath Business News 2005)The international expansion process of McDonald began in the late 1960, in Canada then later to Japan, Germany, Australia, France and England in that order. There si x countries rack in over 80% of the international sales income, warranting the title of â€Å"The Big Six†. In most cases, the expansion into international market was met with enthusiasm and made global headlines. In 1990, McDonald’s entered Russia and was met by more than 30,000 people who braved a cold winter day. To date, the Russian crew serves over 50,000 people daily. In 1992, a 40,000-person crowd and a similar situation also transpired in Poland welcomed McDonald’s to China.The international expansion led to the improvement of service delivery standards of those markets. For example, the 1975 entry of McDonald into East Asia led to the demand for high restroom hygiene standards in other food establishments as McDonald had demonstrated to them. However, Klein’s book â€Å"No Logo† has been in the forefront of the antiglobalization campaign, citing that globalization has led to the crowding out of the smaller local players.Klein further says that the globalization process has been perfected by the kinds of McDonald’s through franchising and the operation of gas station mini-outlets. This lead to the creation of a synonymous air of McDonald’s and hamburgers. McDonald like other Brand Bullies, phase out the local enterprises by offering the lowest prices, which they can afford due to the bulk purchase of raw materials and the voluminous sales (Klein 1999).The McLibel case of the early 1990’s in which two Britons, Helen Steel and David Morris were directly involved in a protest title ‘what’s wrong with McDonald’s?’ lead to the emergence of a seven-year-old battle. When steel and Morris began the protest, McDonald’s protested and used them for illegal defamation. The two-year-old trial that ensured put McDonald’s in the spotlight, as the High Court of Justice in London scrutinized the company’s advertising strategies. As expected, the press had a field day covering the classic Goliath verses David battle. However, after an appeal to the high court by the Steel and Morris team, McDonald was awarded    £40 000 instead of  £60 000.The amount was lowered due to the fact that the court proved some of the allegations of Morris and Steel to be true. One of the established claims was that McDonald’s was exploiting children during its advertising. This was through the creation of lucrative cartoon characters and use of mascots, which lead to the association of these characters with McDonald’s by the children.Children would nag and disturb their parents so as to go to McDonald’s. McDonalds was also accused of being anti-union and was not keen on doing so because of he fact that it had several franchised units which were after treated as owned by individuals. McDonald’s was also accused of being cruel to animals.Due to the several links made to McDonald’s menu and obesity McDonalds’s has cut off s upersized meals from its menus and included healthier options such as salads and fruits. Two overweight girls’ case was brought up, with the girls claiming that their overweight states was as a result of eating regularly at McDonalds. The â€Å"Supersize me† documentary film of 2004 by Morgan Spurlock demonstrated how foods that was exclusively McDonald’s contributed to the obesity problem.This film also demonstrated the psychological and physical well being status as being compromised.   Spurlock consumed a total of 5000 calorie’s each for the one-month experiment period. After this period, Spurlock gained a total of 11.1kg, a total 13% body mass increase.   Other than that, he became moody and lost interest in sex. This film was aired at the Sundance Film festival, leading to the removal of the supersized meals from its menu. The company also started putting nutritional information in small print.In 2002, McDonald’s declared the reduction of trans fat cooking fat content by early 2003. However, when the fat was not changed McDonald’s was used for not making the information about its failure to change the oil public. This lead to a court order that demand McDonald’s to spend $1.5million in the publishing of its notices on the trans fat initiative status. It also led to the donation of $7million to the Public Education on trans fat by the American Heart Association (Wikipedia 2007). In 2002, McDonald’s was sued by vegetarian groups for misrepresenting of its French fries. This was because the French fries were fried in beef tallow despite the fact that McDonalds had discontinued this practice in 1996. However, to date the French fries in circulation in the US contain beef flavoring.McDonald’s has been in the forefront in making sure that it retains its market share despite the tirades of criticism. The most fundaments policy is that McDonald has McDonald has ensured that quality standards of it s food and beverages are not compromised. This has been coupled with an involvement with only the most reputable supplies with the same objective. To ensure this is adhered to regular monitoring and testing of the ingredients is conducted while using only the must stringent of standards. It has been noted that several agencies of the government has many a time used the McDonald’s standards as models of their regulatory procedures.McDonald has also deliberately supported food safety procedures and systems that are entirely science based. The food safety measures include microbiological control, high sanitation standards and effective pest control. The worldwide recognized Hard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP) plan as an effective preventive measure against food borne diseases. McDonald’s is also in the forefront in ensuring that its suppliers adhere to the highest food safety standards such as temperature levels and a demonstration that all likely hazards have be en addressed through point of control critical management (McDonald’s Corporation, 2006). McDonald has made liaisons with independent experts of the international scientific Advisory Council so as to be in the know about latest development in the beef and chicken industries.At the grassroots level, the restaurant, productive measures have been taken. Stuff are oriented and trained on the expected standards of work from the first day of employment. There is also deliberate preparation of stuff for promotions making them motivated and committed to their work. Before a shift manager is entrusted with the management of an entire shift, they are ensure enrolled in an entire course on food safety and safety standards which included training from the stage of supply, delivery through to handling during preparation. These food safety processes are closely monitored by consultants specialized in operations of staff. The need for expert intervention of the training programs is identifi ed through regular onsite evaluations.Reference:Goliath Business News (2005). Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Management.Klein, N. (1999) No Logo. NY: St. Martin PressMcDonald’s Corporation (2006) Food Safety. Retrieved on October 23, 2007 from the World Wide Web on: http://www.mcdonalds.com/corp/values/purchasing/food_safety.html.Schlosser, E., (2001).   Fast Food Nation. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Books.Wikipedia (2007). McDonald’s. Retrieved on October 23, 2007 from the World Wide Web

Schumpeters Theory of Creative Destruction Free Essay Example, 3250 words

2.0 Creative destruction Schumpeter’s main message is that the process of creative destruction describes the type of competition in capitalism that may cause considerable improvements in the quality as well as quantity of everyone’s lives. As far as capitalism, socialism and democracy is concerned, Schumpeter had a lot of view concerning the process of creative destruction, but all the people who use the phrase presently do not support these views. The process of creative destruction in the original idea that was developed by Schumpeter and in the more recent account is a process that involves technological advances as the main source or economic development as well as improvement in the quality of lives. In the two accounts, a considerable part of the motivation to come up with advancing innovations is the possibility of achieving monopoly profits. In the traditional sense, the key source of monopoly profits is through patent rights but at present, a full account of monopoly profits also enta il a network of external factors as a source. Further from what the two accounts share, the original idea that was supported by Schumpeter claims that large firms that are monopolistic have the highest ability and likelihood to come up with better advancing innovations. We will write a custom essay sample on Schumpeter''s Theory of Creative Destruction or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now This is the account that is usually associated with the views that were held by Schumpeter even though the current version identifies smaller organizations as the ones that have the highest likelihood to come up with new advancing innovations. Schumpeter claim implied that the new process or product that comes from a vibrant advancing innovative competition is more crucial in the appreciation of capitalism. On the other hand, the static typical idea of price competition puts emphasis on the markets, which are not concentrated as a way of lowering the prices in a setting where goods and services are assumed constant. 4.0 Capitalism as a revolutionary economic system The important point to remember concerning capitalism in Schumpeter’s view is that it is an evolutionary process that was initially stressed by Karl Marx. By nature, capitalism is a type of evolution in the economy that may never be motionless and this element of dynamism has three salient attributes that include those within the system that occur in response to exogenous changes. This takes place discontinuously instead of smoothly. The results that are associated with it are qualitative and this essentially displaces the older balance while coming up with radically newer equilibriums.